THE INFLUENCE OF INTELLIGENCE, GENDER AND PERSONALITY ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PRACTICE

Abstract

Physical activity is a complex, multifactorial behavior that brings multiple physiological and psychological benefits. Therefore, it is relevant to explore the factors that influence its practice during adolescence, a key stage in development. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between physical activity, general intelligence, personality traits, and gender in adolescents, with special attention to high intellectual abilities. The sample consists of 369 students between 13 and 17 years old from four secondary schools on the island of Tenerife. Three instruments were used for the assessment: the PAQ-A to measure physical activity, the Herranz general intelligence test, and the OPERAS personality scale based on the Big Five model. In addition, open-ended questions were included to explore personal motivations. The results show a significant, although weak, relationship between intelligence and physical activity. However, relevant associations were observed with the traits of extraversion and conscientiousness, as well as significant gender differences. The qualitative analysis, conducted through IRAMUTEQ, extracted five classes related to attitudes toward physical activity: emotional disconnection, health, personal barriers, enjoyment, and emotional well-being. These findings highlight the contribution of cognitive, psychological, and sociodemographic factors to physical activity levels and allow traditional myths about adolescents with high abilities to be questioned, showing that they constitute a diverse and non-homogeneous group.